{"id":655,"date":"2022-08-30T22:53:39","date_gmt":"2022-08-30T20:53:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.svetovydenchlebaapeciva.cz\/index.php\/our-story\/"},"modified":"2022-09-05T16:33:01","modified_gmt":"2022-09-05T14:33:01","slug":"chleb-v-promenach-stoleti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.svetovydenchlebaapeciva.cz\/index.php\/chleb-v-promenach-stoleti\/","title":{"rendered":"Chl\u00e9b v prom\u011bn\u00e1ch stolet\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"655\" class=\"elementor elementor-655\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7f032ba5 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7f032ba5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7ba4afe2\" data-id=\"7ba4afe2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e85d0e2 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3e85d0e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.7.8 - 02-10-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/www.svetovydenchlebaapeciva.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/CHP0036-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.svetovydenchlebaapeciva.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/CHP0036-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.svetovydenchlebaapeciva.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/CHP0036-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.svetovydenchlebaapeciva.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/CHP0036-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.svetovydenchlebaapeciva.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/CHP0036-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.svetovydenchlebaapeciva.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/CHP0036-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.svetovydenchlebaapeciva.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/CHP0036-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7633b3c1\" data-id=\"7633b3c1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a43a2c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2a43a2c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.7.8 - 02-10-2022 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chl\u00e9b v prom\u011bn\u00e1ch stolet\u00ed<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54cc98dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54cc98dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.7.8 - 02-10-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Chl\u00e9b jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed potravina ve v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b \u010dlov\u011bka se jako dlouh\u00e1 \u010derven\u00e1 nit t\u00e1hne od \u00fasvitu lidstva od dob, kdy se na Zemi objevil prvn\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk moudr\u00fd, Homo sapiens, a z lovce a sb\u011bra\u010de se postupn\u011b stal zem\u011bd\u011blec. Pl\u00e1novit\u00e9 p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed rostlin vedlo ke komplexn\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edm prom\u011bn\u00e1m a ke vzniku prvn\u00edch civilizac\u00ed.Objev chleba byl v\u00fdznamnou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed ve v\u00fdvoji \u010dlov\u011bka jako druhu. O jeho d\u016fle\u017eitosti sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed sv\u011bdectv\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d d\u011bjinami: sta\u0159\u00ed Sumerov\u00e9 chlebu p\u0159i\u0159kli du\u0161i, v Mezopot\u00e1mii se chl\u00e9b stal sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed hieroglyfick\u00e9ho znaku pro potravu, arab\u0161tina pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro pojmy chl\u00e9b a \u017eivot tot\u00e9\u017e slovo. Kdy\u017e Francouzi cht\u011bj\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka pochv\u00e1lit, \u0159eknou, \u017ee je \u201edobr\u00fd jako chl\u00e9b\u201c. O v\u00fdznamu chleba v na\u0161ich d\u011bjin\u00e1ch sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed i star\u00fd slovansk\u00fd zvyk v\u00edtat hosta chlebem a sol\u00ed. Putov\u00e1n\u00ed chleba v prom\u011bn\u00e1ch stalet\u00ed a tis\u00edcilet\u00ed je dlouh\u00e9, pestr\u00e9 a inspirativn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch sv\u00e9 existence poj\u00eddal \u010dlov\u011bk nasb\u00edran\u00e1 zrna tak, jak je v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b na\u0161el. Pozd\u011bji mu ohe\u0148 pomohl k tomu, aby si zrna opra\u017eil. Pak p\u0159i\u0161lo na \u0159adu drcen\u00ed obiln\u00fdch zrn v kamenn\u00fdch hmo\u017ed\u00ed\u0159\u00edch a primitivn\u00edch ml\u00fdnech. Z promlet\u00e9ho \u010di podrcen\u00e9ho obil\u00ed se snadno p\u0159ipravila ka\u0161e, neva\u0159en\u00e1 \u010di va\u0159en\u00e1. Na rozp\u00e1len\u00fdch kamenech z n\u00ed bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 up\u00e9ci placky. Archeologov\u00e9 ozna\u010duj\u00ed tuto dobu jako neolit a prvn\u00ed poznatky o chlebu se datuj\u00ed do obdob\u00ed a\u017e 10 000 let p\u0159. Kr.<\/p>\n<p>Kva\u0161en\u00fd chl\u00e9b poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Egypta z doby p\u0159ed \u0161esti tis\u00edci lety. Jeho p\u0159\u00edprava byla objevena z\u0159ejm\u011b n\u00e1hodou. Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 p\u011bstovali v nilsk\u00e9 delt\u011b p\u0161enici a mezi kameny drtili p\u0161eni\u010dn\u00e1 zrna na mouku, kterou pak sm\u00edsili s vodou a sol\u00ed \u2013 a to byl nekva\u0161en\u00fd chl\u00e9b. Stalo se, \u017ee t\u011bsto z\u016fstalo na slunci a p\u016fsoben\u00edm bakteri\u00ed vykynulo. V tepl\u00e9 peci se pak upekl chl\u00e9b vzdu\u0161n\u00fd a lehk\u00fd, pokryt\u00fd hn\u011bdou k\u016frkou.<\/p>\n<p>\u00darodn\u00e9 povod\u00ed Eufratu a Tigridu v Mezopot\u00e1mii a vysp\u011bl\u00e9 obiln\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bly k vysok\u00e9 kultu\u0159e m\u011bst a \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu. Nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pokrmem zde byl chl\u00e9b, pe\u010den\u00fd p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z je\u010dn\u00e9 mouky. Chl\u00e9b se pekl tak, \u017ee z mouky a vody uhn\u011bten\u00e1 placka se p\u0159itiskla na st\u011bnu rozp\u00e1len\u00e9 pece nebo se pekla ve \u017ehav\u00e9m popelu.<\/p>\n<p>\u0158ekov\u00e9 p\u0159evzali pe\u010den\u00ed chleba od \u017did\u016f a F\u00e9ni\u010dan\u016f. V dob\u011b asi 4000 let p\u0159. Kr. se rozvinul kult bohyn\u011b D\u00e9m\u00e9t\u00e9r jako ochr\u00e1nkyn\u011b zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a chl\u00e9b se postupn\u011b stal z\u00e1kladn\u00ed potravinou lidu. Mlsn\u00ed a z\u00e1mo\u017en\u00ed \u0158ekov\u00e9 jedli chl\u00e9b s&nbsp;medem a nav\u00edc ho nam\u00e1\u010deli do v\u00edna. Podle dochovan\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f p\u016fsobilo ve 3. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. Kr. v At\u00e9n\u00e1ch 45 peka\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed dok\u00e1zali up\u00e9ci nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed druhy chleb\u016f pro boh\u00e1\u010de, chud\u00fd lid i otroky.<\/p>\n<p>Kolem roku 80 se za\u010dala v \u0158\u00edm\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159et peka\u0159sk\u00e1 bratrstva naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 collegium pistorium, p\u0159edch\u016fdci pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch cech\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed byla nejstar\u0161\u00ed pec na pe\u010den\u00ed chleba nalezena v Bylanech u Olomouce. Jej\u00ed p\u016fvod se datuje do obdob\u00ed 4800 a\u017e 4600 p\u0159. Kr.<\/p>\n<p>V \u010cech\u00e1ch se podle Kosmovy kroniky objevili peka\u0159i jako dvorn\u00ed \u0159emesln\u00edci ji\u017e v 11. a 12. stolet\u00ed. U\u017e za vl\u00e1dy kr\u00e1le V\u00e1clava II. p\u0159edepisovali otcov\u00e9 m\u011bsta, jak m\u00e1 b\u00fdt bochn\u00edk chleba t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd a za kolik se m\u00e1 prod\u00e1vat.<\/p>\n<p>Chlebu se dost\u00e1valo poct, kter\u00e9 si zaslou\u017eil. Hr\u00e1l nezastupitelnou roli p\u0159i korunovaci \u010desk\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u016f, kdy mu byla d\u00e1v\u00e1na p\u0159ednost i p\u0159ed zlatem. Stejn\u00e9 \u00fact\u011b se chl\u00e9b t\u011b\u0161il u v\u0161ech vrstev obyvatelstva.<br><\/p><p>V Praze se v roce 1387 p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 159 peka\u0159\u016f. Za vl\u00e1dy Ji\u0159\u00edho z Pod\u011bbrad se peklo dvan\u00e1ct druh\u016f chleba: \u017eemlov\u00fd, \u017eitn\u00fd, nakysl\u00fd, mazancov\u00fd, je\u010dn\u00fd, prosn\u00fd, \u017ealudov\u00fd, j\u00e1hlov\u00fd, pohankov\u00fd, r\u00fd\u017eov\u00fd, pern\u00edkov\u00fd a kol\u00e1\u010dov\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>R\u016fst st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch m\u011bst a s n\u00edm spojen\u00e1 d\u011blba pr\u00e1ce vytla\u010dily ve\u0161kerou v\u00fdrobu z dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed a pe\u010den\u00ed chleba p\u0159e\u0161lo do rukou peka\u0159\u016f. Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm cech\u016f se postupn\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bla \u0159emesln\u00e1 v\u00fdroba, peka\u0159i se st\u00e1vali v\u00e1\u017een\u00fdmi a bohat\u00fdmi m\u011b\u0161\u0165any.<\/p>\n<p>V 16. stolet\u00ed ve m\u011bstech podnikali i tzv. pecn\u00e1\u0159i a plachetn\u00edci, v peka\u0159stv\u00ed nevyu\u010den\u00ed \u0159emesln\u00edci, jejich\u017e \u010dinnost \u010dasto slou\u017eila kon\u0161el\u016fm za v\u00fdhr\u016f\u017eku peka\u0159\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed pekli draze \u010di nekvalitn\u011b. Pod n\u00e1tlakem cechovn\u00edch peka\u0159\u016f v\u0161ak byla jejich \u010dinnost omezov\u00e1na. P\u0159espoln\u00ed peka\u0159i sm\u011bli nab\u00edzet sv\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed na pra\u017esk\u00e9m trhu jen jednou t\u00fddn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed peka\u0159sk\u00e9 cechy vymezily vztahy v r\u00e1mci \u0159emesla mezi mistry, tovary\u0161i a u\u010dni, ale slou\u017eily tak\u00e9 k vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9mu podporov\u00e1n\u00ed se, zvelebov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159emesla, v\u00fdchov\u011b dorostu, vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vztahu k z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm a dohl\u00ed\u017eely nad kvalitou v\u00fdroby. Ur\u010dovaly rozsah v\u00fdroby jednotliv\u00fdch peka\u0159sk\u00fdch mistr\u016f ve m\u011bst\u011b, n\u011bkdy dokonce i rozm\u011bry pece. Po absolvov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdch u\u010d\u0148ovsk\u00fdch zkou\u0161ek se z u\u010dn\u011b stal tovary\u0161. Cht\u011bl-li se osamostatnit, musel vykonat mistrovsk\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky a sou\u010dasn\u011b vyk\u00e1zat dostate\u010dn\u00fd majetek na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pek\u00e1rny.<\/p>\n<p>V 18. stolet\u00ed podl\u00e9halo peka\u0159stv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9mu dohledu a p\u0159edpis\u016fm. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00fdroby leh\u010d\u00edho \u010di nekvalitn\u00edho chleba byli nepoctiv\u00ed peka\u0159i pot\u00e1p\u011bni ve velk\u00e9m pytli nebo ko\u0161i do Vltavy. Od roku 1860 uvolnil nov\u00fd \u017eivnostensk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d peka\u0159stv\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Od druh\u00e9 poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed nast\u00e1v\u00e1 rozvoj peka\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm technick\u00fdch novinek. P\u016fvodn\u011b ru\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce za\u010dala ustupovat pr\u00e1ci strojov\u00e9 a pe\u010den\u00ed chleba se zvolna p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovalo na v\u00fdrobu pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho charakteru. Peka\u0159stv\u00ed jako \u0159emeslo se vyv\u00edjelo a zdokonalovalo velmi pomalu.<\/p>\n<p>Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed se v&nbsp;na\u0161\u00ed zemi nav\u00edc vyv\u00edjelo velmi nerovnom\u011brn\u011b z hlediska v\u00fdrobn\u011b-technick\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edmi podm\u00ednkami bylo soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed obyvatelstva, rozsah elektrifikace, plynofikace a dopravn\u00edho spojen\u00ed. Ve vhodn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch velkom\u011bst ojedin\u011ble vznikaly velk\u00e9, modern\u00ed pek\u00e1rny, zat\u00edmco v ostatn\u00edch oblastech p\u0159etrv\u00e1vala primitivn\u00ed \u0159emesln\u00e1 v\u00fdroba.<\/p>\n<p>Za prvn\u00ed republiky \u2013 v roce 1930 \u2013 bylo v zemi registrovan\u00fdch 13 341 pek\u00e1ren, ve kter\u00fdch pracovalo 43 437 osob. Obvykle v pek\u00e1rn\u011b pracoval peka\u0159sk\u00fd mistr a jeho rodinn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci \u010di jeden nebo dva pomocn\u00edci. V roce 1924 vydalo Ministerstvo pro z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed lidu sm\u011brnice pro kalkulace cen pe\u010diva a chleba.<\/p>\n<p>V 50. letech do\u0161lo v procesu zn\u00e1rod\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v souvislosti se zm\u011bnou politick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu po roce 1948 k uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed mal\u00fdch provoz\u016f (r. 1947 10 tis. pek\u00e1ren, 45 tis. zam\u011bstnanc\u016f). Postupn\u011b byly soukrom\u00e9 \u017eivnostensk\u00e9 pek\u00e1rny p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bny pod nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed podniky (m\u011bsta) nebo dru\u017estevn\u00ed organizace (venkov).<\/p>\n<p>V 70. letech jsou v jednotliv\u00fdch okresech a kraj\u00edch stav\u011bny peka\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed kombin\u00e1ty pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho charakteru, kter\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed chl\u00e9b na modern\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (v\u00fdrobn\u00edky kvasu, automatick\u00e9 tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed a kynut\u00ed, p\u00e1sov\u00e9 plynov\u00e9 pece), doch\u00e1z\u00ed k velk\u00e9 koncentraci v\u00fdroby a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed produktivity pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n<p>Po roce 1989 doch\u00e1z\u00ed k privatizaci v\u0161ech v\u00fdrobn\u00edch kapacit a renesanci \u0159emesln\u00fdch pek\u00e1ren. Prosazuj\u00ed se nov\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 trendy, s rozvojem trhu raketov\u011b vzr\u016fst\u00e1 sortimentn\u00ed nab\u00eddka, v\u00fdrobci se sdru\u017euj\u00ed do v\u00fdrobn\u011b-obchodn\u00edch uskupen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u00ed chl\u00e9b a peka\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky v \u010cR okolo 750 v\u00fdrobc\u016f \u2013 pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch a \u0159emesln\u00fdch pek\u00e1ren. Pek\u00e1rny provozuj\u00ed vedle v\u00fdroby i prodej sv\u00fdch \u010derstv\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f ve firemn\u00edch prodejn\u00e1ch. Nab\u00eddka peka\u0159sk\u00e9ho sortimentu z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm je jedna z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v Evrop\u011b. V marketech se prosazuje trend dop\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed zmrazen\u00fdch polotovar\u016f. Pek\u00e1rensk\u00fd obor je kapit\u00e1lov\u011b v \u010desk\u00fdch rukou (v\u00fdjimkou jsou peka\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fdrobny nadn\u00e1rodn\u00edch obchodn\u00edch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f), zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1 okolo 20 tis. pracovn\u00edk\u016f, ro\u010dn\u00ed obrat \u010din\u00ed 25 mld. K\u010d.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a146bdd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a146bdd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-881ced9\" data-id=\"881ced9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03e665b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"03e665b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.svetovydenchlebaapeciva.cz\/\">zp\u011bt na za\u010d\u00e1tek<\/a><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chl\u00e9b v prom\u011bn\u00e1ch stolet\u00ed Chl\u00e9b jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed potravina ve v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b \u010dlov\u011bka se jako dlouh\u00e1 \u010derven\u00e1 nit t\u00e1hne od \u00fasvitu lidstva od dob, kdy se na Zemi objevil prvn\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk moudr\u00fd, Homo sapiens, a z lovce a sb\u011bra\u010de se postupn\u011b stal zem\u011bd\u011blec. Pl\u00e1novit\u00e9 p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed rostlin vedlo ke komplexn\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edm prom\u011bn\u00e1m a ke vzniku prvn\u00edch civilizac\u00ed.Objev chleba [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-655","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.svetovydenchlebaapeciva.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/655","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.svetovydenchlebaapeciva.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.svetovydenchlebaapeciva.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.svetovydenchlebaapeciva.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.svetovydenchlebaapeciva.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=655"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/www.svetovydenchlebaapeciva.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/655\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":893,"href":"https:\/\/www.svetovydenchlebaapeciva.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/655\/revisions\/893"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.svetovydenchlebaapeciva.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=655"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}